Simpson’s Paradox: How Statistics Deceive
Table of Contents
I. What Is Simpson’s Paradox?
II. Famous Example: UC Berkeley Admissions
III. How the Paradox Works: A Step-by-Step Breakdown
IV. Mathematical Foundations
V. Real-World Implications
VI. Avoiding the Trap: How to Think Critically
VII. Philosophical Reflection: What Truth Does the Paradox Reveal?
VIII. The Paradox in the Age of Big Data
IX. Conclusion: Numbers Lie Without Context
Sorites in Terms of Coffee Cups: One Drop at a Time
I. What Is the Sorites Paradox?
II. How Coffee Reveals the Paradox
III. The Logic Trap: Vagueness in Language
IV. Proposed Solutions to the Sorites Paradox
V. Sorites and the Self: Coffee as Identity
VI. Implications in Philosophy and Beyond
VII. Everyday Life Examples
VIII. Lessons from the Sorites Paradox
IX. Philosophical Significance
X. Conclusion: One Drop at a Time
Paradox of Omnipotence: Can God Create a Rock He Can’t Lift?
I. The Problem Defined: Can Omnipotence Be Self-Limiting?
II. Classical Theological View: Power Must Be Coherent
III. The Modern View: Redefining Omnipotence
IV. The Logical Formulation of the Paradox
V. Atheistic Argument: The Paradox as Disproof
VI. Paradox Variants in Other Traditions
VII. Philosophical Analogies
VIII. Theological Counter-Examples
IX. Lessons from the Paradox
X. Conclusion: Not All Power Is All-Possible
Paradox of Value: Why Water Is Cheap, Diamonds Aren’t
I. The Historical Origins: From Plato to Adam Smith
II. Defining the Two Values
III. Marginal Utility: The Modern Resolution
IV. Real-World Applications and Examples
V. Psychological Perspectives
VI. Philosophical Questions Raised
VII. Critiques and Alternative Theories
VIII. Paradox in a Changing World
IX. Lessons for Consumers and Thinkers
X. Conclusion: The Value of Understanding Value
Zeliger’s Paradox: Infinite Regress of Causes
Paradox of the Ravens (Hempel’s Paradox)
Paradox of Choice: Why Too Much Choice Paralyzes
Newcomb’s Problem: Prediction vs. Free Will
Paradox of the Unexpected Hanging: When Logic Betrays You
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